ANHB

I need to know:

1. the WTH ratio in adult human females is the result of a naturally selected pattern of fat deposition for more successful reproduction in women and is the basis of a sexually selected preference trait in males for a WTH ratio of 0.7
2. according to hamilton's rule, for the kin selection of "altruistic" behavior there needs to be more benefit to the recipient, or less cost to the actor, if the actor and the recipient have a lower coefficient of relatedness
3. there is no backflow from the left ventricle into the left atrium during systole because the left atrio-ventricular valve is closed during systole
4. blood flow into capillaries is controlled by the contraction and relaxation of precapillary arterioles
5. the heart muscle is supplied with arterial blood by the right and left coronary arteries
6. bile is stored in the gallbaldder
7. enterocytes are important for absorption of nutritional molecules in the small and large intestine
8. the liver produces and secretes most of the serum proteins
9. the nephron is the smallest morphological and functional unit of the kidney
10. a thirsty person usually has increased secretion of ADH by the pituitary gland
11. the parasympathetic nervous system plays a role on the contraction of the muscle of the urinary bladder
12. pygmies and nilotic africans are both adapted to hot climates
13. humans who move from a cold climate to a hot one, greatly increase their sweating capacity after a few weeks
14. different characters produce different racial classifications
15. the bronchial circulation delivers systemic blood to lung tissues
16. activation of stretch receptors in the lungs causes inhibition of inspiration
17. the upper airway usually collapses at the pharynx in sleep apnoea
18. sleep loss results in prolonged reaction times
19. sensory fibers are found in motor nerves, axons reach muscles via ventral roots and spinal nerves, the pattern of nervous control reflects developmental organization, a motor unit is one axon and all the muscle fibers it supplies
20. somatic sensation can be accurately localised
21. the autonomic nervous system innvervates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands
22. neuroglia are the supporting cells of the nervous system
23. segmental organisations of the nervous system is most obvious in the spinal cord
24. grey matter in the spinal cord contains nerve cell bodies
25. the rate of genetic drift is inversely related to effective population size
26. natural selection is adaptive
27. in HIV infection, the HLA system in humans is under the force of heterozygote advantage
28. most genetic daa supports the single origin model of early human evolution
29. given a constant value of heritability for a particular trait, if the co-efficient of relationship declines, the correlation coefficient decreases
30. steroid hormone receptors can become activated transcription factors when bound by a hormone
31. catch-up growth is an example of a compensatory response
32. association and linkage studies identify minor gene effects in complex traits
33. in polygenic traits, the mode of inheritance is hard to distinguish
34. hypothalamic neurons do not secret gonadotrophins directly into the blood
35. triglycerides are not made up of three glycerol molecules plus one fatty acid
36. activation of PPAR-δ is unlikely to reduce the long-term effects of ageing
37. senescence is not due exclusively to the downstream effects of oxidative stress
38. viewed from the front the two vemues of an adult are not parallel from hip to knee
39. adult human femurs have longer necks than those of apes
40. premature babies can have difficulty breathing because they lack surfactant in their alveoli
41. continuous positive airwaves pressure is the gold-standard treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea
42. obstructive sleep apnoea is associated with daytime hypertension
43. the sinoatrial node of the heart is located in the wall of the right atrium
44. the pulmonary trunk does not supply or drain the heart itself
45. once filtered by the glomerulus, the primary urine is collected by the proximal convoluted tubule
46. urine that is produced by the kidney is not further concentrated by the renal pelvis
47. the pancreas does not secrete biliary salts for the emulsification of fat molecules to support chemical digestion in the small intestine
48. the colon does not secrete digestive enzymes for the digestion of waste products
49. T-lymphocytes do not contribute to the body's first line of defence
50. T-lymphocytes are not phagocytic cells
51. single nucleotide polymorphisms are a rare DNA variation
52. the hardy-weinberg formula is: (p+q)² = 1
53. the direction of genetic drift cannot be predicted (random fluctuations/sampling result in RGD)
54. a high mutation rate is not a prerequisite for Natural Selection to occur in a population
55. the coefficient of inbreeding is the probability that at a locus, an individual receives two genes identical by descent
56. heritability is the ratio of genetic variance to genotypic variance (H = Vg/Vp, where Vp = Vg+Ve)
57. the rooting reflect facilitates nursing by an infant
58. sexual dimorphism is an adaptive response to the evolution of larger brains
59. early birth does not allow human females to reproduce more rapidly
60. sexual dimorphism in the human pelvis does not result from sexual selection
61. the anterior pituitary gland is supplied by blood vessels draining the hypothalamus
62. the stress response results in a rapid increase in adrenal catecholamine secretion
63. more than just the products of glucose metabolism can enter the krebs cycle
64. leptin does not inhibit metabolic rate
65. maximal growth occurs during the pre-natal stage
66. androgen supplementation is not a common therapy in aged men
67. the lumbar region of the spinal cord has 5 pairs of nerves emerging from it
68. the hypothalamus has a centre for temperature regulation
69. the vagus nerve supplies sensory, motor and parasympathetic fibers to the areas it innvervates
70. lumbar puncture involves taking CSF from the lumbar region
71. anterior divisions of a limb plexus supply the flexor compartment
72. the dorsal column tract is an ascending spinal cord tract
73. there are many features of homo sapiens that indicate it evolved in a tropical environment
74. genes can be transmitted vertically and horizontally along with culture
75. natural selection has not been able to decrease the frequency of deleterious genes that are only expressed in people over 50 years in age
76. sometimes siblings have been classified into different races
77. i hate human biology